In mathematics, a rational number is any number that can be expressed as the quotient
or fraction p/q of two integers, a numerator p and a non-zero denominator q. Since q
may be equal to 1, every integer is a rational number. The set of all rational numbers,
often referred to as ”the rationals”, is usually denoted by a boldface Q (or blackboard
bold , Unicode ); it was thus denoted in 1895 by Giuseppe Peano after quoziente, Italian
for ”quotient”. The decimal expansion of a rational number always either terminates
after a finite number of digits or begins to repeat the same finite sequence of digits over
and over. Moreover, any repeating or terminating decimal represents a rational number.
These statements hold true not just for base 10, but also for any other integer base (e.g.
binary, hexadecimal). A real number that is not rational is called irrational. Irrational
numbers include √2, , e, and . The decimal expansion of an irrational number continues
without repeating. Since the set of rational numbers is countable, and the set of real
numbers is uncountable, almost allreal numbers are irrational.
Es un resultado de la mecánica Hamiltoniana sobre la evolución
temporal de un sistema mecánico. Un conjunto de partículas con
condiciones iniciales cercanas pueden representarse por la región
conexa que ocupa en el espacio de fase.
El teorema establece que dicha región mantendrá invariante su
volumen a pesar de que se estirar y se encogerá a medida que
cada partícula evolucione
Privacy is an increasingly important subject for organizations. Nowadays, organizations (unknowingly) process vast amounts of personal data of their customers in numerous different information systems. There are strict legislations regarding the processing of personal data, and from mid-2016, these legislations will only get more strict with the introduction of the General Data Protection Regulation in the European Union. In an approach to ensure compliance with these legislations, different techniques such Privacy Enhancing Technologies, Privacy-by-Design and Privacy Design Strategies were introduced in the past decades. However, these techniques tend to be defined in such a high-level of abstraction that they are hard to use in practice. This paper discusses and explains various software techniques which can help to design information systems that can better protect the privacy of their users. Next, these techniques are combined as a solution named Privacy Management System. This system is able to ensure and enforce full data processing transparency of an organization and should close the gap between the privacy legislations and software development.